Kungani ama-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela eba ama-motor main drive?

Kungani ama-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela eba ama-motor main drive?

Injini kagesi ingaguqula amandla kagesi abe amandla emishini, futhi idlulisele amandla emishini emasondweni ngohlelo lokudlulisela ukushayela imoto.Ingenye yezinhlelo zokushayela eziyinhloko zezimoto ezintsha zamandla.Njengamanje, ama-drive motors asetshenziswa kakhulu ezimotweni zamandla amasha ikakhulukazi ama-magnetic synchronous motors nama-AC asynchronous motors.Izimoto eziningi ezintsha zamandla zisebenzisa amamotho asebenza ngozibuthe ahambisanayo.Izinkampani ezimele izimoto zifaka i-BYD, i-Li Auto, njll. Ezinye izimoto zisebenzisa ama-AC asynchronous motors.Amamotho kagesi amele izinkampani zezimoto ezifana neTesla neMercedes-Benz.

I-asynchronous motor yakhiwa ikakhulukazi i-stator emile kanye ne-rotor ejikelezayo.Uma i-stator winding ixhunywe kugesi we-AC, i-rotor izojikeleza futhi ikhiphe amandla.Isimiso esiyinhloko ukuthi lapho i-stator winding inikwa amandla (i-alternating current), izokwakha inkambu ye-electromagnetic ejikelezayo, futhi i-rotor winding iyi-conductor evaliwe enquma ngokuqhubekayo imigqa yokungeniswa kazibuthe ye-stator endaweni yamagnetic ejikelezayo.Ngokomthetho kaFaraday, lapho umqhubi ovaliwe enqamula umugqa wokungeniswa kazibuthe, i-current izokhiqizwa, futhi yamanje izokhiqiza inkambu ye-electromagnetic.Ngalesi sikhathi, kunezinkambu ezimbili ze-electromagnetic: enye inkambu ye-stator electromagnetic exhunywe kugesi wangaphandle oshintshanayo, kanti enye ikhiqizwa ngokusika umugqa wokungenisa i-stator electromagnetic.Inkambu ye-rotor kagesi.Ngokomthetho kaLenz, i-current induced izohlala imelana nembangela yamanje eyenziwe, okungukuthi, zama ukuvimbela abaqhubi be-rotor ekunqumeni imigqa yokungeniswa kwamagnetic yensimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo ye-stator.Umphumela uba: abaqhubi be-rotor "bazobamba" nge-stator's Inkambu ye-electromagnetic ejikelezayo isho ukuthi i-rotor ixosha insimu yamagnetic ejikelezayo ye-stator, futhi ekugcineni i-motor iqala ukujikeleza.Phakathi nenqubo, isivinini sokujikeleza kwe-rotor (n2) kanye nesivinini sokujikeleza se-stator (n1) asikho ukuvumelanisa (umehluko wejubane cishe u-2-6%).Ngakho-ke, ibizwa ngokuthi i-asynchronous AC motor.Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma ijubane lokujikeleza lifana, libizwa ngokuthi i-synchronous motor.

I-magnetic synchronous motor unomphela iwuhlobo lwe-AC motor.I-rotor yayo yenziwe ngensimbi enozibuthe unomphela.Lapho injini isebenza, i-stator inikezwa amandla okukhiqiza inkambu kazibuthe ejikelezayo ukuze iphushe i-rotor ukuthi ijikeleze."Ukuvumelanisa" kusho ukuthi ukuzungezisa kwerotha ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwesimo esingaguquki Isivinini sivunyelaniswa nesivinini sokuzungeza senkundla kazibuthe.Amamotho ayizibuthe azibuthe ahambisanayo anesilinganiso esiphakeme samandla nesisindo, mancane ngosayizi, alula ngesisindo, anetorque enkulu yokukhipha, futhi anesivinini esihle kakhulu somkhawulo nokusebenza kwamabhuleki.Ngakho-ke, ama-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela abe yimoto kagesi esetshenziswa kakhulu namuhla.yemoto kagesi.Kodwa-ke, lapho okokusebenza kazibuthe okuhlala njalo kungaphansi kokudlidliza, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye namandla amanje agcwala kakhulu, ukufinyeleleka kwawo kazibuthe kungase kwehle, noma kwenzeke ukukhishwa kazibuthe, okungase kunciphise ukusebenza kwemoto kazibuthe unomphela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, amamotho ayivelakancane azibuthe asebenzisa umhlaba ongavamile, futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza azinzile.

Uma kuqhathaniswa namamotho kazibuthe angama-synchronous motors, ama-asynchronous motors adinga ukumunca amandla kagesi ukuze ajabule lapho esebenza, azodla amandla kagesi futhi anciphise ukusebenza kahle kwemoto.Amamotho kazibuthe ahlala njalo abiza kakhulu ngenxa yokwengezwa kozibuthe baphakade.

Amamodeli akhetha ama-AC asynchronous motors athambekele ekubekeni kuqala ukusebenza futhi asebenzise inzuzo yokuphuma kokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwamamotho asynchronous e-AC ngesivinini esikhulu.Imodeli emele imodeli yokuqala ye-Model S. Izici eziyinhloko: Uma imoto ishayela ngesivinini esikhulu, ingakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kwesivinini esiphezulu nokusetshenziswa kahle kwamandla kagesi, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ngenkathi igcina ukukhishwa kwamandla aphezulu;

Amamodeli akhetha ama-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela athambekele ekubekeni phambili ukusetshenziswa kwamandla futhi asebenzise ukuphuma kokusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwama-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela ngesivinini esiphansi, okuwenza alungele izimoto ezincane nezinosayizi ophakathi.Izici zayo usayizi omncane, isisindo esilula, nempilo yebhethri enwetshiwe.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inokusebenza okuhle kokulawula isivinini futhi ingagcina ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu lapho ibhekene nokuqala okuphindaphindiwe, ukuma, ukusheshisa nokunciphisa.

Amamotho ayizibuthe angama-synchronous ayabusa.Ngokwezibalo ezivela ku-"New Energy Vehicle Industry Chain Monthly Database" ekhishwe yi-Advanced Industry Research Institute (GGII), umthamo wasekhaya ofakiwe wamamotho amasha wokushayela imoto kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Agasti 2022 wawulinganiselwa ezigidini ezingu-3.478 amayunithi, unyaka wonke - ukunyuka konyaka ngo-101%.Phakathi kwazo, umthamo ofakiwe we-magnetic synchronous motors unomphela wawungamayunithi ayizigidi ezingu-3.329, ukwanda konyaka ngo-106%;amandla afakiwe ama-AC asynchronous motors abengamayunithi ayizigidi eziyi-1.295, okuwukunyuka konyaka ngama-22%.

Amamotho ayizibuthe angama-synchronous motors asephenduke izinjini zokushayela emakethe yezimoto zabagibeli zikagesi.

Uma sibheka ukukhethwa kwezinjini zamamodeli ajwayelekile ekhaya naphesheya, izimoto ezintsha zamandla ezethulwe i-SAIC Motor yasekhaya, i-Geely Automobile, i-Guangzhou Automobile, i-BAIC Motor, i-Denza Motors, njll. zonke zisebenzisa izinjini ezihambisanayo zikazibuthe.Ama-motor synchronous kazibuthe ahlala njalo asetshenziswa eChina.Okokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi ama-motor synchronous kazibuthe unomphela anokusebenza okuhle kwejubane eliphansi kanye nokusebenza kahle kokuguqulwa okuphezulu, ezifanele kakhulu izimo zokusebenza eziyinkimbinkimbi ngokuqala kanye nokuma emigwaqweni yasemadolobheni.Okwesibili, ngenxa yamagnethi we-neodymium iron boron unomphela kumamotho ayizibuthe ahambisanayo.Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zidinga ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, futhi izwe lami linama-70% ezinsiza zomhlaba eziyivelakancane, kanti inani eliphelele lezinto ezisetshenziswa kazibuthe ze-NdFeB lifinyelela ku-80% womhlaba, ngakho-ke i-China izimisele kakhulu ekusebenziseni izinjini ezivumelanayo zikazibuthe.

I-Tesla yangaphandle kanye ne-BMW zisebenzisa izinjini ezihambisanayo kazibuthe ezihlala njalo kanye namamotho asynchronous e-AC ukuthuthukisa ngokubambisana.Ngokombono wesakhiwo sohlelo lokusebenza, injini ye-synchronous kazibuthe unomphela iyinketho evamile yezimoto ezintsha zamandla.

Izindleko zezinto zikazibuthe unomphela zibalelwa ku-30% wezindleko zamamotho kazibuthe ahambisanayo.Izinto zokusetshenziswa zokukhiqiza ama-motor synchronous kazibuthe ahlala unomphela zifaka i-neodymium iron boron, amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon, ithusi ne-aluminium.Phakathi kwazo, unomphela uzibuthe impahla neodymium iron boron isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi ukwenza rotor ozibuthe unomphela, futhi ukwakheka izindleko mayelana 30%;amashidi ensimbi ye-silicon asetshenziselwa ukwenza ngokwezifiso Ukwakheka kwezindleko ze-rotor core cishe ku-20%;ukwakheka kwezindleko ze-stator winding cishe ku-15%;ukwakheka kwezindleko ze-motor shaft cishe ku-5%;futhi ukwakheka kwezindleko zegobolondo lemoto cishe ku-15%.

KunganiI-OSG unomphela uzibuthe motors screw air compressoresebenza kahle kakhulu?

I-magnetic synchronous motor unomphela yakhiwa ikakhulukazi i-stator, i-rotor kanye nezingxenye zegobolondo.Njengama-motors e-AC ajwayelekile, i-stator core inesakhiwo se-laminated ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwensimbi ngenxa yemiphumela yamanje ye-eddy kanye ne-hysteresis lapho injini isebenza;ama-windings nawo ajwayele ukuba yizakhiwo ezilinganayo zezigaba ezintathu, kodwa ukukhethwa kwepharamitha kuhluke kakhulu.Ingxenye ye-rotor inamafomu ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-rotor yamagnetic unomphela enekheji ye-squirrel yokuqala, kanye ne-rotor yamagnetic egxilile noma efakwe phezulu.I-rotor core ingenziwa ibe yisakhiwo esiqinile noma i-laminated.I-rotor ifakwe izinto zikazibuthe ezihlala njalo, ezivame ukubizwa ngokuthi uzibuthe.

Ngaphansi kokusebenza okuvamile kwemoto kazibuthe unomphela, i-rotor ne-stator magnetic fields zisesimweni sokuvumelanisa.Ayikho i-current induced engxenyeni ye-rotor, futhi akukho ukulahlekelwa kwethusi kwe-rotor, i-hysteresis, noma ukulahlekelwa kwamanje kwe-eddy.Asikho isidingo sokucabangela inkinga yokulahlekelwa kwe-rotor nokushisa.Ngokuvamile, injini kazibuthe unomphela inikwa amandla isiguquli sefrikhwensi esikhethekile futhi ngokwemvelo inomsebenzi wokuqala othambile.Ngaphezu kwalokho, injini yamagnetic unomphela iyinjini ehambisanayo, enesici sokulungisa isici samandla ngokuqina kwe-excitation, ngakho isici samandla singaklanywa ngenani elicacisiwe.

Kusukela ekubukeni kokuqala, ngenxa yokuthi injini yamagnetic unomphela iqalwa yi-variable frequency power supply noma i-inverter esekelayo, inqubo yokuqala yemoto yamagnetic unomphela kulula kakhulu;kufana nokuqala kwe-variable frequency motor, futhi igwema ukukhubazeka kokuqala kwe-cage cage asynchronous motors.

Ngamafuphi, ukusebenza kahle kanye namandla factor of unomphela uzibuthe motors ingafinyelela phezulu kakhulu, isakhiwo silula kakhulu, futhi imakethe ibilokhu kushisa kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi edlule.

Kodwa-ke, ukulahlekelwa ukwehluleka kwe-excitation kuyinkinga engenakugwemeka kumamotho kazibuthe unomphela.Uma i-current inkulu kakhulu noma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, izinga lokushisa lama-motor windings lizokhuphuka ngokushesha, lamanje lizokhula kakhulu, futhi odonsa unomphela bazolahlekelwa ngokushesha ukuthakazelisa.Kusilawuli semoto kazibuthe unomphela, idivayisi yokuvikela yamanje isethelwe ukugwema inkinga yokushiswa kwamajika e-motor stator, kodwa ukulahlekelwa okuwumphumela we-excitation nokuvalwa kwemishini akunakugwenywa.