Iyini imishini yomthombo womoya?Iyiphi impahla ekhona?

Iyini imishini yomthombo womoya?Iyiphi impahla ekhona?

Imishini yomthombo womoya iyisisetshenziswa esikhiqiza umoya ocindezelweyo - i-air compressor (i-compressor yomoya).Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-compressor omoya, ezivamile uhlobo lwe-piston, uhlobo lwe-centrifugal, uhlobo lwe-screw, uhlobo lwe-vane eshelelayo, uhlobo lokuskrola nokunye.
Umoya ocindezelwe ophuma ku-compressor womoya uqukethe inani elikhulu lokungcola okufana nomswakama, uwoyela nothuli.Imishini yokuhlanza kufanele isetshenziselwe ukususa kahle lezi zinto ezingcolisayo ukuze zigweme ukuthi zingabangeli umonakalo ekusebenzeni okuvamile kwesistimu ye-pneumatic.

Impahla yokuhlanza umthombo womoya yitemu elivamile lemishini namadivayisi amaningi.Imishini yokuhlanza imithombo yomoya nayo ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yimishini esemuva kokucubungula embonini, imvamisa ibhekisa kumathangi okugcina igesi, okomisa, okokuhlunga, njll.
● ithangi lomoya
Umsebenzi wethangi lokugcina igesi ukuqeda ukucindezelwa kwengcindezi, ukuthembela ekwandiseni i-adiabatic kanye nokupholisa kwemvelo ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa, kuphinde kuhlukanise umswakama namafutha emoyeni ocindezelweyo, nokugcina inani elithile legesi.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunganciphisa ukungqubuzana kokuthi ukusetshenziswa komoya kukhulu kunomthamo womoya ophumayo we-compressor yomoya ngesikhathi esifushane.Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ingakwazi ukugcina umoya wesikhashana esifushane lapho i-compressor yomoya ihluleka noma amandla enqanyulwa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwemishini yomoya.

●Isomisi somoya

Isomisi somoya esicindezelwe, njengoba negama lisho, siwuhlobo lwemishini yokukhipha amanzi yomoya ocindezelwe.Kukhona okomisa okomisa okuyiqhwa okubili okuvame ukusetshenziswa kanye nokomisa i-adsorption, kanye nezomisi ezincibilikisiwe nezomisa ulwelwesi lwe-polymer.Isomisi esiqandisiwe siyinto esetshenziswa kakhulu ukucindezelwa komoya, futhi ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezikhathini ezinezidingo ezijwayelekile zekhwalithi yomthombo womoya.Isomisi esiqandisiwe sisebenzisa isici sokuthi ukucindezela okuyingxenye komhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni ocindezelwe kunqunywa izinga lokushisa lomoya ocindezelwe ukwenza ukupholisa, ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni nokomisa.Izikomisi ezicindezelwe zomoya eziqandisiwe zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “izomisa eziqandisiwe” embonini.Umsebenzi wawo oyinhloko uwukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwamanzi emoyeni ocindezelwe, okungukuthi, ukunciphisa "izinga lokushisa lamazolo" lomoya ocindezelweyo.Kuhlelo olujwayelekile lomoya ocindezelwe yizimboni, ungomunye wemishini edingekayo yokomisa komoya ocindezelwe kanye nokuhlanza (okwaziwa nangokuthi ukucubungula ngemuva).

1 isimiso esiyisisekelo

Umoya ocindezelweyo ungafeza inhloso yokukhipha umhwamuko wamanzi ngokusebenzisa i-pressurization, ukupholisa, i-adsorption nezinye izindlela.I-freeze dryer iyindlela yokupholisa.Siyazi ukuthi umoya ocindezelwe yi-compressor yomoya uqukethe amagesi ahlukahlukene kanye nomhwamuko wamanzi, ngakho ungumoya onomswakama.Umswakamo womoya oswakeme ngokuvamile ulingana ngokuphambene nokucindezela, okungukuthi, uma umfutho uphezulu, umswakama uyancipha.Ngemva kokwenyuka komfutho womoya, umhwamuko wamanzi osemoyeni ongaphezu kwalokho okungase ube khona uzojiya ube emanzini (okungukuthi, umthamo womoya ocindezelwe uba mncane futhi awukwazi ukubamba umhwamuko wamanzi wokuqala).

Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma kuqhathaniswa nomoya owawuhogelwe ekuqaleni, umswakama uba mncane (lapha kubhekiselwa ekubuyiselweni kwale ngxenye yomoya ocindezelwe esimweni esingacindezelwanga).

Kodwa-ke, ukukhishwa kwe-compressor yomoya kusengumoya ocindezelweyo, futhi okuqukethwe kwawo komhwamuko wamanzi kusezingeni eliphakeme elingenzeka, okungukuthi, kusesimweni esibucayi segesi noketshezi.Umoya ocindezelwe ngalesi sikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi isimo esigcwele, ngakho-ke uma nje ucindezelwe kancane, umhwamuko wamanzi uzoshintsha ngokushesha usuke esimweni segesi uye esimweni esiwuketshezi, okungukuthi, amanzi azofinyezwa.

Uma sicabanga ukuthi umoya uyisipontshi esimanzi esimunce amanzi, umswakama wawo ungamanzi amuncwa.Uma amanzi athile ekhishwa esipontshini ngamandla, khona-ke umswakama wesipontshi uyancipha.Uma uvumela isipontshi ukuthi silulame, ngokwemvelo sizokoma kunesipontshi sokuqala.Lokhu futhi kufeza inhloso yokukhipha amanzi nokomisa ngokucindezela.
Uma kungekho amandla engeziwe ngemva kokufinyelela amandla athile phakathi nenqubo yokukhama isipontshi, amanzi azoyeka ukukhishwa, okuyisimo esigcwele.Qhubeka nokwandisa amandla okukhama, futhi kusekhona amanzi aphumayo.

Ngakho-ke, umzimba we-compressor womoya ngokwawo unomsebenzi wokukhipha amanzi, futhi indlela esetshenzisiwe iwukucindezela, kodwa lokhu akuyona inhloso ye-compressor yomoya, kodwa umthwalo "omubi".

Kungani i-"pressurization" ingasetshenziswa njengendlela yokukhipha amanzi emoyeni ocindezelwe?Lokhu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yomnotho, okwandisa ingcindezi ngo-1 kg.Ukusebenzisa cishe u-7% wokusetshenziswa kwamandla akuwona neze umnotho.

Ukukhipha amanzi "okupholisa" kunomnotho, futhi isomisi esiqandisiwe sisebenzisa isimiso esifanayo nokunciphisa umswakama we-air conditioner ukuze kufezeke umgomo.Ngenxa yokuthi ukuminyana komhwamuko wamanzi agcwele kunomkhawulo, kumfutho we-aerodynamic (ububanzi be-2MPa), kungacatshangwa ukuthi ukuminyana komhwamuko emoyeni osuthisiwe kuncike kuphela ezingeni lokushisa futhi akuhlangene nokucindezela komoya.

Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, kukhulu ukuminyana komhwamuko emoyeni osuthisiwe, futhi amanzi ayoba maningi.Ngokuphambene nalokho, izinga lokushisa eliphansi, amanzi amancane (lokhu kungaqondwa ngomqondo ojwayelekile empilweni, ubusika bomile futhi bubanda, ihlobo liyashisa futhi linomswakama).

Pholisa umoya ocindezelwe ekushiseni okuphansi ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze unciphise ukuminyana komhwamuko wamanzi oqukethwe kuwo futhi wenze “i-condensation”, uqoqe amaconsi amanzi amancane akhiwe yi-condensation bese uwakhipha, ukuze ufeze inhloso yokususa umswakama. emoyeni ocindezelwe .

Ngenxa yokuthi kuhilela inqubo yokufingqa nokuhlanganisa emanzini, izinga lokushisa alikwazi ukuba ngaphansi “kunendawo yokuqandisa”, ngaphandle kwalokho isenzakalo sokuqhwaza ngeke sikhiphe amanzi ngokuphumelelayo.Ngokuvamile izinga lokushisa elibizwa ngokuthi “izinga lokushisa eliwumfutho wamazolo” lelomisa iqhwa livame ukuba ngu-2–10°C.

Isibonelo, "indawo yokucindezela kwamazolo" ku-10°C we-0.7MPa iguqulwa ibe "indawo yokucindezela komkhathi" ukuya ku-16°C.Kungaqondwa ukuthi uma isetshenziswa endaweni engekho ngaphansi kuka -16°C, ngeke kube namanzi awuketshezi lapho umoya ocindezelweyo uphela emoyeni.

Zonke izindlela zokususa amanzi zomoya ocindezelwe zomile kuphela, zihlangabezana nezinga elithile lokoma.Akunakwenzeka ukususa ngokuphelele umswakama, futhi akunamali kakhulu ukuphishekela ukomisa ngaphezu kwezidingo zokusetshenziswa.
2 isimiso sokusebenza

Umshini wokomisa isiqandisi ocindezelweyo upholisa umoya ocindezelwe ukuze ufinyeze umhwamuko wamanzi emoyeni ocindezelweyo ube amaconsi awuketshezi, ukuze kufezwe injongo yokunciphisa umswakama womoya ocindezelweyo.
Amaconsi ajiyile akhishwa emshinini ngohlelo lokudonsa amanzi oluzenzakalelayo.Inqobo nje uma izinga lokushisa elizungezile lepayipi elingezansi komfula lapho kuphuma isomiso lingephansi kwezinga lokushisa lendawo yamazolo lapho kuphuma i-evaporator, ukuminyana kwesibili ngeke kwenzeke.

3 uhlelo lokusebenza

Inqubo yomoya ocindezelwe:
Umoya ocindezelwe ungena kusishintshi sokushisa komoya (i-preheater) [1], eqale yehlisa izinga lokushisa lomoya ocindezelwe wezinga eliphezulu, bese ungena ku-Freon/air exchanger heat (evaporator) [2], lapho umoya ocindezelwe upholiswa khona. ngokushesha okukhulu, Yehlisa kakhulu izinga lokushisa libe yindawo yokushisa yamazolo, futhi amanzi awuketshezi ahlukanisiwe nomoya ocindezelwe kuhlukaniswa kusihlukanisi samanzi [3], futhi amanzi ahlukanisiwe akhishwa emshinini ngomshini wokudonsa amanzi othomathikhi.

Umoya ocindezelwe kanye neziqandisi ezinezinga lokushisa eliphansi zishintsha ukushisa ku-evaporator [2].Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa lomoya ocindezelwe liphansi kakhulu, cishe lilingana nezinga lokushisa lamazolo elingu-2 ~ 10°C.Uma singekho isidingo esikhethekile (okungukuthi, asikho isidingo sokushisa esiphansi somoya ocindezelwe), ngokuvamile umoya ocindezelwe uzobuyela kusishintshi sokushisa komoya (i-preheater) [1] ukushintshanisa ukushisa nomoya ocindezelwe wokushisa ophezulu osanda kungena. isomisi esibandayo.Inhloso yokwenza lokhu:

① Sebenzisa ngokuphumelelayo "ukupholisa udoti" komoya ocindezelwe omisiwe ukupholisa kuqala umoya ocindezelwe wokushisa okuphezulu osanda kungena endaweni yokomisa ebandayo, ukuze wehlise umthwalo wesiqandisi wesomisi esibandayo;

② Vimbela izinkinga zesibili njengokujiya, ukuconsa, nokugqwala ngaphandle kwepayipi elingemuva elibangelwa umoya ominyanisiwe wezinga eliphansi lokushisa eliphansi.

Inqubo yesiqandisi:

I-freon efrijini ingena ku-compressor [4], futhi ngemva kokucindezelwa, ingcindezi iyanda (kanye nezinga lokushisa nalo liyakhuphuka), futhi uma liphakeme kancane kunokucindezela ku-condenser, umhwamuko oyisiqandisi wokucindezela okuphezulu ukhishelwa ku-condenser [6] ].Ku-condenser, umhwamuko oyisiqandisi ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokucindezela ushintshanisa ukushisa komoya endaweni yokushisa ephansi (ukupholisa komoya) noma amanzi okupholisa (ukupholisa amanzi), ngaleyo ndlela ujiye i-Freon yesiqandisi sibe uketshezi.

Ngalesi sikhathi, isiqandisi esiwuketshezi singena ku-Freon/air exchanger heat (evaporator) [2] ngeshubhu le-capillary/valve yokunweba [8] ukuze sicindezele (siphole) futhi sibambe ukushisa komoya ocindezelwe ku-evaporator ukuze kuhwamuke. .Into okumele ipholiswe - umoya ocindezelweyo uyapholiswa, futhi umhwamuko wesiqandisi ohwamukayo umuncwa yi-compressor ukuze uqale umjikelezo olandelayo.

Isiqandisi siqeda umjikelezo ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezine zokucindezelwa, ukufingqa, ukunwetshwa (ukuqhuma), nokuhwamuka ohlelweni.Ngemijikelezo yesiqandisi eqhubekayo, inhloso yokuqandisa umoya ocindezelwe iyafinyelelwa.
4 Imisebenzi yengxenye ngayinye
isishintshi sokushisa somoya
Ukuze kuvinjwe amanzi ajiyile ukuthi angakheki odongeni olungaphandle lwepayipi langaphandle, umoya omiswe yiqhwa ushiya umhwamuko bese ushintshanisa nokushisa futhi ngomoya ocindezelayo onezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, oshisayo noswakeme emshinini wokushisa womoya.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izinga lokushisa lomoya ongena ku-evaporator liyancipha kakhulu.

ukushintshana kokushisa
Isiqandisi sidonsa ukushisa futhi sinwebeke ku-evaporator, sishintsha sisuke esimweni esiwuketshezi siye esimweni segesi, futhi umoya ocindezelweyo upholiswa ngokushintshana kokushisa, ukuze umhwamuko wamanzi osemoyeni ocindezelwe uguquke usuke esimweni segesi uye esimweni esiwuketshezi.

isihlukanisi samanzi
Amanzi awuketshezi anemvula ahlukaniswa nomoya ocindezelwe esihlukaniseni samanzi.Uma kuphakeme ukusebenza kahle kokuhlukanisa kwesihlukanisi samanzi, iba ncane ingxenye yamanzi awuketshezi iphinde iguquke emoyeni ocindezelweyo, futhi iyancipha iphuzu lamazolo omoya ocindezelweyo.

i-compressor
Isiqandisi esinegesi singena ku-compressor yesiqandisi futhi sicindezelwe ukuze sibe isiqandisi esinezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, esinomfutho ophezulu wegesi.

i-bypass valve
Uma izinga lokushisa lamanzi aluketshezi elishubile lehla ngaphansi kwendawo yokubanda, iqhwa elijiyile lizovala iqhwa.I-valve ye-bypass ingakwazi ukulawula izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi futhi ilawule iphuzu lamazolo okucindezelayo ezingeni lokushisa elizinzile (phakathi kuka-1 no-6°C)

i-condenser

I-condenser yehlisa izinga lokushisa lesiqandisi, futhi isiqandisi sishintsha sisuka esimweni segesi esiphezulu sokushisa siye esimweni soketshezi esiphansi.

isihlungi
Isihlungi sihlunga ngempumelelo ukungcola kwesiqandisi.

I-Capillary/I-Valve Yokwandisa
Ngemva kokuba isiqandisi sidlule ku-capillary tube/valve yokwandisa, umthamo waso uyakhula, izinga lokushisa laso liyehla, futhi libe uketshezi olunezinga lokushisa eliphansi, elinomfutho ophansi.

Isihlukanisi segesi-uketshezi
Njengoba isiqandisi esiwuketshezi esingena ku-compressor sizobangela ukushaqeka kwe-liquid, okungase kubangele umonakalo ku-compressor yesiqandisi, isihlukanisi se-gas-liquid efrijini siqinisekisa ukuthi isiqandisi segesi kuphela esingangena ku-compressor yesiqandisi.

khipha okuzenzakalelayo
Ukukhipha okuzenzakalelayo kudonsa amanzi awuketshezi aqoqwe ngaphansi kwesihlukanisi ngaphandle komshini ngezikhathi ezithile.

isomisi

Isomisi esiqandisiwe sinezinzuzo zesakhiwo esihlangene, ukusetshenziswa okulula nokunakekelwa, kanye nezindleko zokunakekela eziphansi.Ilungele izikhathi lapho izinga lokushisa elikhomba amazolo lomfutho womoya ocindezelwe lingephansi kakhulu (ngaphezu kuka-0°C).
I-adsorption dryer isebenzisa i-desiccant ukuze isuse umswakama futhi yomise umoya ocindezelwe ophoqeleka ukuba ugeleze.Ama-dryer e-regenerative adsorption avame ukusetshenziswa nsuku zonke.
● isihlungi
Izihlungi zihlukaniswe zaba izihlungi zamapayipi amakhulu, izihlukanisi zamanzi egesi, izihlungi zokuqeda ukuhogela kwekhabhoni ezicushiwe, izihlungi zokuvala inzalo yesitimu, njll., futhi imisebenzi yazo iwukukhipha uwoyela, uthuli, umswakama nokunye ukungcola emoyeni ukuze kutholwe umoya ocindezelwe ohlanzekile.Umoya.